The construction industry is vital in shaping the spaces where we live, work, and interact. Historically, the focus has been on design, functionality, and cost. However, there is a growing awareness of the impact that construction materials have on our health.
From respiratory diseases to long-term exposure risks from hazardous materials, it’s evident that the choices we make in building materials directly affect our well-being.
To better understand these concerns, we’ll explore the legacy of asbestos as a prime example of how outdated materials can harm human health. This will highlight the urgent need for change in the industry, with a focus on safer and more sustainable alternatives for the future.
The Legacy of Asbestos in Construction
Asbestos is one of the clearest examples of why construction materials need to change. It was once praised for its ability to resist fire and provide insulation, making it a common material in homes constructed before the 1980s. However, it is now well-established that inhaling asbestos fibers can result in serious respiratory conditions, such as asbestosis and mesothelioma.
While asbestos use is banned or restricted in many countries today, it still remains a risk in older homes and buildings. During renovations or demolitions, asbestos fibers can become airborne, posing serious health risks to workers and residents.
If you’re renting or buying an older home, it’s important to verify that the building materials do not contain asbestos. Also, make sure that none of the materials are damaged, as this could increase the risk of exposure. This information should be disclosed by the landlord or owner, as undetected asbestos exposure can harm you and your family over time.
And if you’ve already been exposed to asbestos and are wondering, “Can I sue for asbestos exposure?”, the answer is yes.
According to TorHoerman Law, you can file a premises liability claim if you’ve been exposed to asbestos due to a property owner’s negligence. A premises liability lawsuit holds the property owner responsible for failing to maintain a safe environment. In cases of asbestos exposure, this type of lawsuit can seek compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain, and suffering.
Given the health risks associated with asbestos, it’s time to reconsider the materials used in our buildings and shift toward healthier, more sustainable alternatives.
Poor Indoor Air Quality and VOCs
Many modern construction materials, such as paints, adhesives, and sealants, release volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These compounds are emitted into the air due to their high vapor pressures and low boiling points, making them particularly concerning in enclosed spaces.
ScienceDirect notes that short-term exposure to VOCs can result in a range of health issues, including respiratory irritation, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Prolonged exposure to even low concentrations of these pollutants has also been linked to serious conditions like asthma, allergies, and building-related illnesses (BRI).
The impact of VOCs is not limited to direct health effects. They also contribute to the formation of harmful by-products like ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols, which further degrade indoor air quality. This phenomenon can exacerbate symptoms of sick building syndrome (SBS), where occupants experience recurring discomfort or illness due to poor indoor environments.
To combat these risks, the adoption of low-VOC or VOC-free materials is critical. These safer alternatives emit fewer pollutants, thereby reducing the health burden on building occupants while also improving air quality.
Formaldehyde in Wood Products
Pressed wood products like plywood and particleboard often contain formaldehyde-based adhesives. Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen that can off-gas into indoor environments for years after installation. Prolonged exposure can exacerbate respiratory problems and skin irritations.
To address these concerns, the EPA established formaldehyde emission standards under the Formaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products Act. This rule includes a third-party certification program to oversee and limit emissions from composite wood products, aiming to reduce exposure risks.
Opting for healthier alternatives like formaldehyde-free adhesives or sustainably sourced solid wood offers similar functionality while prioritizing safety and health.
Mold and Moisture Management
The materials used in construction play a critical role in moisture management, as improper choices can create ideal conditions for mold growth. Traditional drywall, for instance, tends to absorb moisture easily, increasing the risk of mold infestations if not adequately sealed.
Mold exposure has been linked to respiratory issues, allergic reactions, and even cognitive impairments in sensitive individuals. According to estimates from News-Medical, dampness-related agents are linked to a 30% to 50% increase in asthma cases. In the U.S., approximately 21% of asthma cases are attributed to indoor mold exposure.
Prolonged mold exposure can also lead to more severe conditions, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis and allergic alveolitis.
To mitigate these risks, builders can opt for moisture-resistant materials like fiberglass-based boards or advanced ceramic finishes, which help prevent mold growth.
The Importance of Non-Toxic Insulation
Insulation plays a crucial role in energy-efficient construction, but traditional materials like spray foam can pose health risks, especially during installation. Spray foam contains isocyanates, a group of highly reactive chemicals widely used in various industries.
Exposure to isocyanates can lead to serious health problems, including irritation of skin, eyes, and respiratory system, as well as asthma and long-term sensitization.
These chemicals are particularly harmful when inhaled, causing inflammation in the respiratory tract and, in some cases, cancer. Additionally, when materials like spray foam degrade under heat, such as in fires, they release toxic fumes and a significant amount of heat.
Fortunately, safer alternatives like sheep’s wool, recycled denim, and non-toxic spray foam options provide excellent insulation performance. These materials offer a safer environment for both installers and occupants, free from the health risks associated with traditional options.
Advancing Toward a Sustainable Future
According to UNEP, the construction industry is the largest source of global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for a substantial 37% of total emissions. These emissions have indirect consequences on public health by contributing to environmental deterioration and speeding up climate change.
Transitioning to sustainable materials, such as bamboo, reclaimed wood, and recycled steel, can help mitigate these effects. These materials reduce environmental impact and help create a more sustainable future. They also promote healthier living spaces by minimizing exposure to harmful pollutants and toxins, ensuring a safer environment for occupants.
FAQs
What is asbestosis?
Asbestosis is a chronic lung condition that arises from inhaling asbestos fibers. This disease results in the scarring of lung tissue, which can lead to difficulties in breathing and long-lasting respiratory issues. Over time, the condition can worsen, causing severe shortness of breath, reduced lung function, and a higher risk of lung diseases, including cancer.
What are building-related illnesses (BRI)?
Building-related illnesses (BRI) refer to health problems that are caused or aggravated by exposure to indoor environmental factors within a building. These illnesses are often linked to poor indoor air quality, hazardous materials, or inadequate building maintenance.
What causes mold to form?
Mold develops when spores encounter moisture and an organic material to thrive on, such as wood, drywall, or fabric. Mold thrives in humid, damp environments, making it more likely to develop in areas with leaks, poor ventilation, or high humidity.
Overall, the choice of materials in construction significantly influences the health of a building’s occupants. By transitioning to safer, more sustainable materials, we can minimize health risks, enhance indoor air quality, and ensure a better quality of life.
The case of asbestos highlights the dangers of using outdated materials. Meanwhile, advancements in eco-friendly and non-toxic options provide a clear path forward.
It’s time to prioritize health in construction; not just for today but for generations to come. Choosing materials thoughtfully is an investment in a healthier, safer future.
